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Geometry & Materials

Material macro commands

Macro commands related to material of the Target.

Element definition

# define element with isotopes  NAME        CH.SYM.   ISOTOPES 
/SEE/material/addElement        enriched_B  B         10  0.96    11  0.04

addElement parameters	Type	M?	Description	Example value
NAME	string	y	Name of new element (its reference)	enriched_B
CHEMICAL SYMBOL	string	y	Chemical symbol of element	B
ISOTOPE NUCLEON NUMBER	int	y	Nucleon (mass) number of an isotope, A	10
ISOTOPE ABUNDANCE	double	y	Abundance fraction of an isotope	0.96

ISOTOPE NUCLEON NUMBER and ISOTOPE ABUNDANCE parameters can only be used in pairs: “A\(_1\) abundance\(_1\) A\(_2\) abundance\(_2\) …”

There are no default values for the parameters of this command.

Material definition

# define material           NAME        DENSITY       ELEMENTS
/SEE/material/addMaterial   ShieldMat   2.52 g/cm3    enriched_B 4  C 1
/SEE/material/addMaterial   Si3N4       3.17 g/cm3    Si 3          N 4

addMaterial parameters	Type	M?	Description	Example value
NAME	string	y	Name of new material (its reference)	Si3N4
DENSITY with unit	double u	y	Material density	3.17 g/cm3
ELEMENT NAME or CHEMICAL SYMBOL	string	y	Name or chemical symbol of an element	enriched_B, C
ELEMENT STOICHIOMETRIC RATIO	double	y	Chemical ratio of an element	4

Any element of the periodic table can be used for CHEMICAL SYMBOL parameter.

ELEMENT NAME/CHEMICAL SYMBOL and ELEMENT STOICHIOMETRIC RATIO parameters can only be used in pairs: “name\(_1\) ratio\(_1\) name\(_2\) ratio\(_2\) …”

There are no default values for the parameters of this command.

Mixture definition

# define mixture            NAME        DENSITY       MATERIALS
/SEE/material/addMixture    BEOLmix     3 g/cm3       G4_Cu 0.4   Si3N4 0.6

addMixture parameters	Type	M?	Description	Example value
NAME	string	y	Name of new mixture (its reference)	mixMat
DENSITY with unit	double u	y	Material density of homogeneous mixture	3.41 g/cm3
MATERIAL NAME	string	y	Name of a component	G4_Cu, Si3N4
MATERIAL MASS FRACTION	double	y	Mass fraction of a component	0.35

Any predefined G4 element/material from this list can be used for the MATERIAL NAME parameter.

MATERIAL NAME and MATERIAL MASS FRACTION parameters can only be used in pairs: “name\(_1\) mass_fraction\(_1\) name\(_2\) mass_fraction\(_2\) …”

There are no default values for the parameters of this command.

Geometry macro commands

Macro commands related to geometry of the target.

Target geometry is located inside a World, and consists of a Bulk and arbitrary number of Back End Of Line (BEOL) layer volumes (optional). Inside the Bulk volume, one Sensitive Volume (SV) is defined with same material as the Bulk. The scoring of defined quantities (\(E_{dep}\), \(E_{kin}\)) happens only inside this SV.

Center of the top Bulk surface is always in the origin (0,0,0). Position of SV (the center of its top surface) is defined relative to this, inside Bulk only.

X-Z side view of a multi-layer target geometry

X-Y top view of a multi-layer target geometry

See examples/SRAM.mac.

Definition of BULK

Use this command only once.

# BULK                MATERIAL      WIDTH unit      THICK unit  BIAS
/SEE/geometry/Bulk    G4_Si         10. um          10. um      true

Bulk parameters	Type	M?	Description	Example value
MATERIAL	string	y	Bulk layer material	G4_Si
WIDTH with unit	double u	y	Bulk width (X and Y dimension)	10 um
THICKNESS with unit	double u	y	Bulk thickness (Z dimension)	9 um
BIAS	bool	n	Enable XS bias in Bulk layer	true

Any predefined G4 element/material from this list can be used for the MATERIAL parameter. Additionally, VACUUM can be also used as predefined material.

Bulk dimensions (RPP): \(w_{b}\) \(\times\) \(w_{b}\) \(\times\) \(t_{b}\)

There are no default values for the parameters of this command.

Definition of SV

Use this command only once.

# SV                  POSITION unit       X-Y WIDTH unit  THICK unit  BIAS
/SEE/geometry/SV      0. 0. -1. um        3. 1. um        3. um       true

SV parameters	Type	M?	Description	Example value
X, Y, Z POSITION with unit	double[3] u	y	Sensitive Vol. X, Y, Z position	0 0 -1.5 um
X, Y WIDTH with unit	double[1,2] u	y	Sensitive Vol. X, Y dim.	2 1 um
THICKNESS with unit	double u	y	Sensitive Vol. thickness (Z dim.)	1 um
BIAS	bool	n	Enable XS bias in Sensitive Vol.	true

Material of the SV is the same as its mother volume, which by default is the Bulk.

SV dimensions (RPP): \(w^x_{sv}\) \(\times\) \(w^y_{sv}\) \(\times\) \(t_{sv}\)

There are no default values for the parameters of this command.

Definition of BEOL layers

Optional command, define as many Back End Of Line (BEOL) layers on top of the Bulk volume as one needs. Each BEOL layer is added on top of the previous BEOL layers in the same order as the /SEE/geometry/BEOL/addLayer commands follow each other in the macro.

# BEOL                        MATERIAL    WIDTH unit  THICK unit  NAME      BIAS 
/SEE/geometry/BEOL/addLayer   BEOLmix     4. um       800 nm      BEOL1     false
/SEE/geometry/BEOL/addLayer   G4_Ti       4. um       200 nm      BEOL2     false
/SEE/geometry/BEOL/addLayer   OxideMat    4. um       400 nm      BEOL3     false

BEOL layers in a target geometry

addLayer parameters	Type	M?	Description	Example value
MATERIAL	string	y	BEOL layer material	G4_Al
WIDTH with unit	double[1,2] u	y	BEOL layer width (X and Y dim.)	2 1 um
THICKNESS with unit	double u	y	BEOL layer thickness (Z dim.)	1 um
NAME	string	y	Name of BEOL layer	Oxide

Any predefined G4 element/material from this list can be used for the MATERIAL parameter. Additionally, ‘VACUUM’ can be also used as material.

BEOL dimensions (RPP): \(w_{beol1}\) \(\times\) \(w_{beol1}\) \(\times\) \(t_{beol1}\)

There are no default values for the parameters of this command.

Special geometry commands

Macro command	Type	M?	Description	Example value	Default value
/SEE/geometry/setCylindricalGeometry	bool	n	Use cylindrical volumes instead of default cuboids	true	false
/SEE/geometry/setWorldMaterial	string	n	Set material for World volume	G4_AIR	VACUUM
/SEE/geometry/setWorldAsMotherOfSV	bool	n	Use World volume as mother of SV, instead of Bulk volume	true	false

Setting the WorldAsMotherOfSV true makes possible to score outside Bulk. Use with caution! In this case, SV material is VACUUM and SV should be placed outside Bulk volume.

X-Y top view of a cylindrical diode geometry